Ansari alleges Bob Weinstein, 70, and others at The Weinstein Company were in on a plot to position Harvey Weinstein for a downfall in an attempt to seize control of the company, which went bankrupt in 2018 as the sexual misconduct scandal surrounding Harvey Weinstein exploded.
According to Harvey Weinstein, Bob Weinstein and Glasser settled their liability for the loan with AI International for about $15m (£12m) due to "bad faith negotiations," leaving Harvey Weinstein responsible for the remaining $30m (£24m) plus interest.
Former Weinstein Company chief operating officer David Glasser, now chief executive of 101 Studios, known for its production of hit Paramount series Yellowstone, is also named in Harvey Weinstein's lawsuit.
His lawyer, Imran Ansari, said in a statement: "Harvey Weinstein was deceived by those closest to him and secured a $45m (£35.8m) dollar loan under the pretence of saving The Weinstein Company".
AI International Holdings loaned the money to two affiliates of The Weinstein Company and Harvey Weinstein, and later sued when it said they defaulted.