Mr Modi made several references to Mr Trump's Maga slogan – "Make America Great Again" – and at one point suggested he would adopt his own version: "It's Make India Great Again - Miga.
Hours before the two leaders met, Mr Trump complained about the climate for American businesses in India and threatened tariffs against any country that puts high duties on US imports.
“Prime minister Modi recently announced the reductions to India's unfair, very strong tariffs that limit us access to the Indian market, very strongly," Mr Trump said.
India has agreed to buy more American fossil fuels and combat aircraft, and to ease tariffs on imported goods, after its prime minister Narendra Modi and US president Donald Trump met at the White House on Thursday.
India’s foreign secretary said the two leaders agreed to work on a deal to resolve trade concerns, with a senior Trump administration official adding that a deal could be reached as soon as this year.