As we age, our posture tends to naturally evolve which can lead to slouching and discomfort. However, there’s some good news. After speaking with experts, we’ve learned that with some simple adjustments and stretching exercises, it’s possible to counteract these effects and improve our posture at any stage of life. So, let’s take a closer look at how our posture evolves as we get older, and see what we can do to prevent it from becoming a bigger issue.

What factors impact our posture?. “Generally, this is a habitual thing – the way in which we sit, stand and move in our daily lives,” says Fatica. “But it can also be affected by things like muscle strength and muscle tone which have been developed as a result of good exercise throughout our life. “Generally speaking, if no attention is paid to maintaining a good, erect, upright posture, we will generally lean more and more forwards. Women, in particular, who have low bone mineral density, may develop too much curve in the middle back and rounded shoulders.”.

“In addition, stiff joints can also restrict movement and lead to compensatory postural misalignment.”. How does our posture change as we age?. As we age, several physiological changes contribute to postural deterioration, especially in our bones. “Loss of bone mass can lead to conditions like osteoporosis, increasing the risk of spinal fractures and height loss,” highlights Bhide. “Osteoarthritis and cartilage deterioration also cause stiffness, making it harder to maintain proper alignment in knees and hips affecting posture, causing waddle gait, for example, in knee osteoarthritis patients.”.

Decreased muscle mass and strength over time can also lead to posture changes. “Sarcopenia (age-related muscle loss) reduces postural support, leading to instability,” explains Bhide. Some people also experience spinal disc compression and nervous system changes as they get older. “Degenerative disc disease leads to reduced spinal height and flexibility,” says Bhide. “In addition, our proprioception (sense of body awareness) and balance usually reduces with age which affects postural control.”.

What are some complications of poor posture?. “Poor posture can increase fall risk due to poor balance and instability,” warns Bhide. “It also restricts movement and reduces mobility.”. And, in some cases, poor posture can also reduce lung capacity. “This is particularly the case if your lower back is severely rounded,” notes Fatica. “This means your ability to have good, cardiovascular respiration and fitness is negatively affected.”.

Here are some ways to improve posture…. 1. Start strength training. “Focus on core, back, and leg muscles to maintain spinal support,” recommends Bhide. 2. Practice proper ergonomics. “Adjust workstations, chairs and sleeping positions to support spinal alignment,” suggests Bhide. 3. Move your body regularly. “In your 60s and over, avoid being stuck at a desk all day and  ensure you take lots of breaks and generally keep the body mobile,” advises Fatica. “This should be easier in our 60s when hopefully there is more flexibility where work is concerned. For those who are retired, it’s crucial to remain as active as much as possible.”.

4. Consume more calcium and vitamin D. “Ensure sufficient calcium and vitamin D intake to support bone strength,” recommends Bhide. 5. Try some stretching exercises. “The most effective exercises to help with our posture are the W-raise and the hip hinge,” says Fatica. “Both open the posture out, train the muscles that hold the spine in the upright position and encourage you to stand up tall.”.

The W-raise. “Start standing with a good posture with your core engaged and bend your elbows to 90 degrees, tucked close to your sides as if carrying a tray,” advises Fatica. “Then rotate your forearms arms outwards by drawing your shoulder blades together. “At the same time elevate your breastbone to lift your chest as you squeeze and then return to the starting position. Repeat five times and hold for three seconds each time.”.